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Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability. Therefore， it is critical to develop the approaches for improving recovery and neural repair after stroke. Recovery after stroke involves complex interrelated systems of neural repair. The whole process of neural repair requires a series of coordinated interactions， such as response of neuronal cell body to traumatic stimuli， neural stem cell proliferation and migration， axoplasmic transport of signaling molecules， construction of cytoskeleton， and formation of axonal growth cone， to achieve regeneration and growth. As a potential new target for the treatment of neurologic defects， neural remodeling has important research significance in both the specific mechanism of neural repair and the clinical treatment of neurologic defects. After brain injury， single therapy is often ineffective due to the complex mechanism of internal repair， and thus comprehensive therapy becomes the development direction to improve the brain repair. Invigorating qi and promoting blood can promote nerve function remodeling after injury through neural protection， angiogenesis， neurogenesis， loop reconstruction， and cytokine regulation， playing a key role in nerve repair after stroke. Its mechanism is associated with autophagy， immunomodulation， and microRNA regulation， which fully embodies the multi-pathway， multi-target， and overall regulation characteristics of invigorating Qi and activating blood. Therefore， it is of theoretical and guiding significance to study the brain function rehabilitation after stroke by invigorating qi and activating blood.
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Metastasis is the main cause of poor prognosis of malignant tumors， and intervention with metastasis is the key measure in the treatment of malignant tumors. Hematogenous metastasis， the most common tumor metastasis， falls into the category of "Chuanshe" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with Qi deficiency and blood stasis as the critical pathogenesis. In the fight against malignant tumors， TCM emphasizes the reinforcement of healthy Qi and the elimination of pathogenic factors， exhibiting its action advantages of multiple targets， multiple mechanisms， and multiple levels. Extensive clinical evidence has shown the exact efficacy of Chinese herbal compounds designed for invigorating Qi and activating blood in delaying the progression of tumor disease and prolonging the survival period of patients. In view of the important role of hematogenous metastasis in the prognosis of tumors， more and more studies have explored the effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal compounds capable of invigorating Qi and activating blood in intervening in hematogenous metastasis. This paper summarized the relevant literature reports in China and abroad on the intervention of Chinese herbal compounds capable of invigorating Qi and activating blood in the hematogenous metastasis of malignant tumors， in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Qi-invigorating and blood-activating therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors. It has been found that Chinese herbal compounds formulated for invigorating qi and activating blood are effective in hindering several key steps in hematogenous metastasis through various mechanisms， including regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules， inhibiting extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis， enhancing the killing effect of immunity， and improving blood hypercoagulability and hyperviscosity. Furthermore， the combination of invigorating Qi and activating blood targets the pathogenesis essence （Qi deficiency and blood stasis， characterized by sthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality） of malignant tumor much better. Some comparative studies have demonstrated that the anti-metastasis effect of Qi-invigorating and blood-activating therapy is significantly stronger than that of the Qi-invigorating or blood-activating therapy alone， and such combination avoids the possible risk of the metastasis of malignant tumors triggered by the use of either of them. This study has provided some reference for the current clinical application of TCM for improving the prognosis of malignant tumors.
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Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix （AA） is a basic pair of drugs mainly targeting the syndrome characteristics of Qi and blood diseases. LI Dong-yuan's Danggui Buxuetang （DBT） is composed of AA， which is mainly used to tonify Qi and generate blood， with main indications of Qi deficiency and blood deficiency， blood heat and so on. It is favored by doctors because of its refined prescription and remarkable curative effect. However， there are many compatibility ratios of AA in different prescriptions in ancient books， and their efficacy and indications are also slightly different. This research showed that DBT also had the effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood， and the previous study of the group showed that 3∶1 compatibility ratio of the two herbs in the total amount of 36 g had more obvious effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood. By consulting the relevant literature， it was found that the drug pair had a certain effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood in various compatibility ratios such as 1∶1， 3∶1， 1∶5， 3∶2， 2∶1， 5∶1. The corresponding pharmacological effect mainly included regulating the energy metabolism of substances， regulating immune function， reducing blood viscosity， anti-oxidation stress， anti-inflammation， lowering blood lipids， lowering blood sugar， protecting heart function， protecting blood vessel wall， intervening angiogenesis， fighting against organ tissue fibrosis and so on. Regardless of the AA single-medicine's activating blood effect and the theory that "Qi circulation leads to blood circulation" or the drug pair's manifestation in modern pharmacological effects， all of these have confirmed that AA's effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood does exist， and the difference of action performance caused by different ratios of AA is closely related to dosage and proportion， which needs further study. Based on the study focusing on the effect of tonifying Qi and generating blood， it is easy to ignore the effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood， which limits the clinical application of the latter. Therefore， the tonifying Qi and activating blood circulation effect of the drug pair is reviewed in this paper， so as to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical rational drug use and related research.
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OBJECTIVE@#Using network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of the 'invigorating qi and promoting blood circulation' drug pair Ginseng-Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD).@*METHODS@#The chemical constituents of ginseng and Danshen drug pair were identified by searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the potential targets of the pair were identified. The pharmacodynamics of the pair was analyzed using network pharmacology. The targets of IHD were identified by database screening. Using protein-protein interaction network, the interaction targets of Ginseng-Danshen on IHD were constructed. A "constituent-target-disease" interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape software, Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis and biological pathway enrichment analysis were carried out, and the mechanism of improving myocardial ischemia by the Ginseng-Danshen drug pair was investigated.@*RESULTS@#Seventeen active constituents and 53 targets were identified from ginseng, 53 active constituents and 61 targets were identified from Danshen, and 32 protein targets were shared by ginseng and Danshen. Twenty GO terms were analyzed, including cytokine receptor binding, cytokine activity, heme binding, and antioxidant activity. Sixty Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways were analyzed, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-serine-threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, interleukin 17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and the advanced glycation end product (AGE)-the receptor for AGE (RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications.@*CONCLUSION@#The specific mechanism of Ginseng-Danshen drug pair in treating IHD may be associated with improving the changes of metabolites inbody, inhibiting the production of peroxides, removing the endogenous oxygen free radicals, regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, reducing myocardial cell apoptosis and promoting vascular regeneration.
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Astragalus membranaceus has the effect of tonifying Qi and solid surface， diuretic support poison， discharging pus and astringent sores to produce muscle. It is not only used for syndromes such as deficiency of lung and temper， deficiency of spleen and diarrhea， but also for stroke， chest obstruction and other diseases. Due to the complex chemical composition and diverse pharmacological effect of Astragalus membranaceus， and the main role in invigorating qi and activating blood circulation has not been clarified. Astragaloside Ⅳ is one of its main active ingredients. In recent years， more and more studies on Astragaloside Ⅳ have been conducted at home and abroad. It has been reported that it has the medicinal value of enhancing immune function， strengthening heart and lowerin blood glucose， diuresis， anti-aging and anti-fatigue， et al， and has extensive pharmacological activity. Among them， the role of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in particular has attracted increasing attention. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are ischemic or hemorrhagic diseases occurring in the heart， brain and systemic tissues due to blood viscosity， atherosclerosis， hypertension， hyperlipidemia， etc.， including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Such diseases are a serious threat to mankind and are the leading cause of death worldwide. At present， western medicine is the main treatment， with many adverse reactions and poor long-term prognosis. TCM believes that the imbalance of qi and blood is the basic pathogenesis of this kind of disease. Qi deficiency and blood stasis are more common.At present， Astragaloside Ⅳ in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in a number of studies， and achieved some results， but this review in recent years， Astragaloside Ⅳ in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases play the pharmacological activity， in order to explore whether Astragaloside Ⅳ is the main role of astragalus qi to find a theoretical basis for material basis， but also for the innovation of traditional Chinese medicine drug research and development of theoretical basis and practical guidance.
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Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, one of precious and important traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has the functions of dispersing blood stasis and stopping bleeding, detaching swelling and alleviating pain, and invigorating Qi and blood. It is a traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. After processing, the efficacy of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was obviously different, the raw products mainly dispersed blood stasis and hemostasis, while the main effect of processed products was to replenish blood and Qi. In recent years, more attention has been paid to Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma research, mainly focusing on the chemical constituent, pharmacological action and clinical application of the raw products. Although the research on processed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma has been increasing in these years, the mechanism of processing and the changes of bioactive constituents before and after processing are still unclear. This paper systematically summarized the modern processing methods of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and compared the changes in chemical constituent and pharmacological action before and after processing through literature search. It is proposed that modern technologies should be put forward to study the correlation between the chemical constituent transformation and enriching blood as the breakthrough point, in order to explain the processing mechanism of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, improve the quality evaluation system of this decoction pieces, and provide guarantee for the safety and effectiveness of its clinical medication.
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Astragali Radix is the elixir for invigorating Qi, with the effects of invigorating Qi, promoting Yang and nourishing the body. With the deepening researches on the chemical constituents of Astragali Radix, it is used more extensively in clinical application. Based on systematic traditional Chinese medicine theory, in this paper, we characterized the effect of Astragali Radix on invigo-rating Qi from the molecular level, and explored the markers of Astragali Radix on invigorating Qi. Through TCMSP and ChEMBL databases, the active components-targets database of Astragali Radix was constructed to clarify the targets(elements) involved in Astragali Radix's Qi invigorating efficacy system. According to the relationship between the targets, the protein interaction network was constructed, and the network modules(structure) were divided according to the theoretic clustering algorithm molecular complex detection(MCODE), and the boundary of the Qi invigorating efficacy system was defined by the pharmacological function of Astragali Radix. The active components of Astragali Radix for invigorating Qi were characterized from the aspects of composition, target and efficacy. The results showed that eight key components of Astragali Radix, such as hederagenin, quercetin, calycosin, formononetin, jaranol, isorhamnetin, astragalosideⅢ, and 9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside, could act on eight functional modules composed of 17 key targets, and participate in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway, regulation of lipid metabolic process, positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process, positive regulation of programmed cell death, fatty acid metabolic process and other biological processes to produce pharmacological effects such as regulating immune function, strengthening heart, protecting myocardial cells, improving material metabolism, and antioxidation effects, thus playing the role of invigorating Qi. Based on the systematic Chinese medicine theory, this study explored the effective markers of Astragali Radix at the level of molecular network, which provided new ideas for the interpretation of the effective substance basis of systematic traditional Chinese medicine and the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. In the future, it can focus on the compatibility research of these components, and then carry out more in-depth studies on the efficacy of Astragali Radix in invigorating Qi, and strengthen the development of the corresponding pharmacological mechanism and related preparations.
Subject(s)
Astragalus Plant , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plant Roots , QiABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of warming yang and invigorating qi prescription on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. 126 rats were randomly divided into model group, sham operation, warming yang, invigorating qi, warming yang+invigorating qi, digoxin and captopril group for respective treatment. After intervention for 6, 8 and 10 weeks, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated, and the plasma renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels were measured. Results showed that, after 6, 8 and 10 weeks, LVEF in warming yang, invigorating qi, warming yang+invigorating qi and captopril group was significantly higher than model group (P < 0.05), and the plasma renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels in warming yang, invigorating qi, warming yang+invigorating qi and captopril groups were significantly lower than model group (P < 0.05). Renin angiotensin II and aldosterone levels in invigorating qi, warming yang+invigorating qi and captopril groups after 10 weeks was significantly lower than after 6 weeks (P < 0.05); aldosterone level in captopril groups after 10 weeks was significantly lower than after 6 weeks (P < 0.05). Warming yang and invigorating qi prescription can improve LVEF in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction, which may be related with the inhibition of RAAS activation.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Heart Failure , Renin-Angiotensin System , Heart Diseases , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Myocardial Infarction , Rats , Stroke VolumeABSTRACT
The etiology and pathogen of diabetic cystopathy is mainly due to qi deficiency of spleen and kidney, which leads to bladder and Sanjiao hypo-function of vital energy, losing opening and closing. In addition to blood stasis injury essence, it blocks the urinary tract. The main pathogen is qi deficiency and blood stasis. The qi deficiency of spleen and kidney is the fundamental aspect, while the blood stasis is the surface aspect. Excess resulted from deficiency, intermingled deficiency and excess, belong to asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality. Clinical application of method of invigorating qi, removing blood stasis and eliminating stagnation for diabetic cystopathy has a good clinical efficacy.
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Objective To explore the mechanism of preventive effect of Chinese medicine with Replenishing kidney and invigorating Qi on osteoarthritis. Methods 72 male Long-eared white rabbits aged 4 months were randomly divided into six groups, A group (blank control group), B group (model group), C group (traditional Chinese medicine high-dose prevention group), D group (Chinese herbal medicine with medium-dose prevention group), E group (Chinese herbal medicine with low-dose prevention group), F group (glucose-amino acid hydrochloride capsules prevention group).All the animals apart from A group were established osteoarthritis model by immobilizing knee joint with plaster cast for 6 weeks. In the same time of immobilization, traditional Chinese medicine and glucose-amino acid hydrochloride capsules were given to C, D, E and F group for 4 weeks. Physiological saline was given to B group. After 6 weeks of modeling, synovial fluid was extracted and the changes of TNF-α in it were analyzed by ELISA. Results Articular cartilage degeneration of B group was most obviously compared with C, D, E and F group. There was a significant difference of TNF-α level in comparison of A and B group (P＜0.05), B and C, D, E and F group (P＜0.05), and among C, D and E group. Conclusion Chinese medicine with replenishing kidney and invigorating Qi can prevent osteoarthritis by reducing TNF-α level in synovial fluid, enhancing cartilage cell metabolism, and slowing down cartilage degradation.
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Therapy of invigorating qi and ascending qicollapse,created by ZHANG Xi-chun,is a basic rule for curing the syndrome of sinking of qi.Shengxian Decoction is the classic recipe for curing the syndrome of sinking of qi.During studying with my tutor,Professor CAO Hong-xin,I witnessed the good efficacy of such therapy on a variety of diseases such as arrhythmia,myasthenia gravis,respiratory disease and female dysuria and so on.This article is to summarize and explain the therapy with some examples.
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Achievements of pharmacological studies on IEC-6 small intestinal crypt-like cells (IEC-6 cells) were reviewed. Based on the physiological research of IEC-6 cells, the pharmacological experiment model of IEC-6 cells was established and the pharmacological actions of spleen-strengthening and Qi-invigorating herbal medicine (SQHM) on intestinal epithelial stem cells were observed. Thiazolyl blue colorimetry (MTF), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPEC) and immune fluorescence labeling technology were applied in the experiments to observe the effect of SQHM on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of IEC-6. Its influences on the expression of villus protein, divalent mental transferrin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and on ODC activity and putrescine content were also observed. The results showed that the extracted chemical components of Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari and Radix Glycyrrhizae promoted or inhibited the proliferation, migration, differentiation and absorption function of IEC-6 cells by regulating ODC activity and putrescine production. It is indicated that IEC-6 cells are the pharmacological target of spleen-strengthening and Qi-invigorating herbal medicine.
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[Objective] To investigate the therapeutic effect of Guanxin No. 1 Recipe (mainly composed of Radix Codonopsis, Radix Ophiopogonis, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Notoginseng, Radix Curcumae) for coronary heart disease (CHD) with angina pectoris (AP) and to observe its influence on blood lipid and hemorrheology indexes. [Methods] Eighty-eight patients with AP were allocated to group A (n = 48) and group B (n = 40) according to random number table. The two groups were given isosorbide dinitrate, Metoprolol Tartrate Tablets and enteric-coated aspirin tablets, and group A was treated with Guanxin No. 1 Recipe additionally. Four weeks constituted one treatment course. The effects on TCM syndromes, AP, electrocardiogram (ECG) and symptoms scoring, as well as on blood lipid level and hemorrheology indexes were observed before and after treatment. [Results] After treatment, the effects on TCM syndromes, AP, electrocardiogram and symptoms scoring in group A were superior to those in group B (P 0.05) . Whole blood high-shear viscosity (WBHSV) and whole blood low-shear viscosity (WBLSV) were decreased in the two groups (P 0.05). [Conclusion] Guanxin No. 1 Recipe has a better effect on relieving symptoms and improving EGG in CHD with AP, and this may be related to the decrease of blood lipid level and improvement of hemorrheology index.
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Objective To observe the effect of the spleen-strengthening and qi-invigorating herbal medicines on insulin mediator in type 2 diabetic rats with spleen-qi deficiency syndrome.Methods Rat models were induced by intraperitioneal injection of streptozocin (STZ),overstrain,abnormal meals with greasy foods.Model rats were randomly allocated to two groups:Group A was treated with herbal medicine with the actions of strengthening spleen and invigorating qi;Group B was treated with purified water.The normal rats were allocated to the control group.The serum contents of fasting blood-glucose and insulin were observed before and after 3-week treatment.The content of hepatic cell-membrane insulin mediator was observed after 3-week treatment.Results After 3 weeks of treatement the serum contents of fasting blood-glucose were decreased and the sensitivity of serum insulin were increased in Group A as compared with those before treatment (P